Three Keys to Succeed in the Battle of Typhoon In-Fa
Typhoon In-Fa, satellite image taken on 25 July 3 PM after making second landfall at Pinghu, Zhejiang Province. [Source: Zhejiang Provincial Metrological Bureau]
UNNC urban water research team, authors of the article. [Photo provided to Ningbo Times]
Ningbo has won the battle of protecting people' lives and their assets, Typhoon In-Fa leaves "zero casualties" so far with the government's tremendous efforts. This also demonstrates the success of public participation to improve flood resilience via good "preparation", and effective "responses" and "recovery" processes, said Dr. Faith Chan and his urban water research team with Dr. Dimple Thadani, Xinbing Gu, Yunfei Qi, Xiaohui Lu and Lei Li from University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC).
Good 'Preparation'
Typhoon In-Fa has brought torrential downpours to Ningbo and the region (across Zhejiang and a few neighborhood provinces) and contributed to the enhancement of the combined effects of "rain", "tides" and "wind", according to the China Meteorological Administration.
The Ningbo Municipal Government takes this typhoon preparation works seriously and has announced cautioned alerts in city districts, especially in the high-risk areas, such as hilly and low-lying flood prone regions. The government has initiated a timely relocation service to remove communities from "high risk" areas such as hilly regions to safer places with temporary shelters with provision of basic needs, for example, cup noodles, hot water, bathing places, toilet, air conditioning, and even televisions, that the suffered victims and communities can stay in free-of-charge until the event is completely over.
According to the report from Ningbo Government, the city has relocated more than 421,000 people that included vulnerable communities such as elderly people that are living in the hilly Siming Mountain areas. That is the major key of guaranteeing "zero casualties" in this fierce typhoon event. The government also worked effectively to shut down major airports and transport hubs to ensure the public staying safe at home without any further risks that might oblige.
Smart Technologies Help on Effective 'Preparation'
and 'Responses'
The Zhejiang Provincial Government recognizes the importance of using social media and technologies such as "Big Data" and "Smart Technologies" and the necessities for ensuring good communication before, during, and after the typhoon.
The Ningbo government has worked tightly with the mobile companies to keep up good services of big data, artificial intelligence, and 5G services that proved by the good service of e-platform. Nowadays, the power of social media is importantly informing communities' essential real-time information such as disruptions of services caused by flooding and informing the public of high-risk areas.
Social media also helps to accelerate the responses from the emergency services. The 3D mapping services assisted the government agencies to provide corresponding services to the inundated communities in Ningbo (e.g., Dongqiao township), such as supporting the rescue routes and providing emergency services. The volunteering communities also urged the public to prepare the power bank just in case the power supply is collapsed during the typhoon period with floods, as they understood the importance of using mobile phone and smart technologies in the process of emergency responses and practices.
We have yet to finalize the function and effectiveness of social media in this event, but through the Weibo data, we have found there were over 2.45 billion times of chats in which people discussed about this typhoon event, raising the awareness and improving preparedness, which demonstrates that it is very helpful for stakeholders and the public working together to reduce the impacts of this event.
Supportive, Helpful and
Caring 'Recovery'
Process
Climate change is adding more pressure on us to expect more frequent typhoons, intensive rainstorms, and storm surges, especially as such hazards are increasingly affecting coastal cities such as Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shanghai, etc., we all need to learn living with climate extremes and floods.
However, we can reduce the negative consequences especially financially via climate or flood insurance to ensure that the financial support is in place under emergency conditions. Lessons learnt by the typhoon Fitow occurred in October 2013 with the economic lost in Ningbo over 33 billion RMB, stressed on the fact that it is important to establish a systematic and adequate flood insurance program, which is essential to reduce the financial risk of households for their properties and personal assets.
The encouraging news is witnessed at this typhoon event. The insurers are improving their services through e-platform and technologies. For example, the compensation processes and procedures are updated to a quick and handy service, ensuring victims get financial assistance more effectively within 20 minutes.
The government is working hard to ensure adequate support to the affected communities and improving a cared and speedy recovery processes, for example, enhancing public infrastructure, providing adequate food supply, water, and sanitation services, improving public perception and participation etc., to minimize the impacts and allow effective resuming of people's normal life.
Concluding Remarks:
Moving towards 'Resilient Sponge Cities'
There are misunderstandings with the function of "Sponge Cities" and that the infrastructure is definitely not aiming for the climatic extremes like the Zhengzhou incident with extreme down pour at 203.15mm/1hr super intensive rainstorm.
But through the success of this "In-Fa" event, we suggest that the governments should consider injecting the approaches of "resilience" via the above success key approaches into the Sponge City Program and that will be a realistic direction in the light of facing climatic uncertainties as both cities are the selected "Sponge Cities".
The success of Ningbo Municipal Government, stakeholders, and communities are truly remarkable, and this champion story is worth sharing across all Chinese cities and extensively to Asian neighborhoods.
Authors:
Dr. Faith Chan (Associate Professor, Deputy Head of School of Geographical Sciences and Deputy Head of Natural Environmental Resources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, UNNC)
Dr. Dimple R. Thadani (Assistant Professor, Nottingham University Business School China, UNNC)
Mr. Xinbing Gu (Postgraduate Researcher on urban flood resilience and operational management, UNNC)
Mr. Yunfei Qi (Postgraduate Researcher on urban catchment management and flood management, UNNC)
Miss Xiaohui Lu (Postgraduate Researcher on urban flood resilience and road design, UNNC)
Miss Lei Li (Postgraduate Researcher on Nature-based Solutions, UNNC)