There is a unique library located in downtown Ningbo—the Tianyige Library. Constructed in the 16th century, it has stood here ever since and thrived over the centuries. Today, Tianyige Library, part of Tianyige Museum, is Ningbo's "calling card", with an impressive collection of ancient books and historical architecture.
Nowadays, this historical museum is actively keeping up with the times, revitalizing the knowledge in its collection with advanced modern technology. Tianyige is and will always be part of Ningbo's past, present, and future.
Tianyige's History
Tianyige was built by Fan Qin in 1566. Fan was a scholar-official of the Ming dynasty. He was fond of collecting books, and whenever he travelled to different parts of China, he would always make a point of acquiring local books. The name "Tianyi" comes from traditional Chinese philosophy and divination, which associates tian (the heavens) and yi (the numeral one) with the element water—an element that would supposedly protect the library and its books from fire. Today, Tianyige Museum is a national heritage protection site and national historical books conservation unit.
Tianyige was Fan Qin's private library. Now, it is the oldest existing library in Asia. The ancient books in Tianyige's collection represent a history of many centuries, a city's shared memory, and a way for people to "travel back in time".
When visitors step into Tianyige Museum, the first thing they see is a statue of Fan Qin. Collecting books was Fan's lifetime passion. He was mostly interested in acquiring local chronicles from different regions of China and imperial examination records. To store the great number of books that he obtained, he had Tianyige built as his private library. Fan employed scribes to make additional copies of rare books in his collection, which were then well-preserved and now highly valuable.
There is a traditional Chinese-style garden in front of Tianyige, built more than 300 years ago, adding a touch of tranquil beauty to the library's grounds. The landscaping rocks are reef rock, adorning the shore of a small pond that Fan Qin had designed to protect the library from fire. An underground channel connects the pond and Moon Lake, so the pond is full of water all year round.
For four and a half centuries, there has never been a fire at Tianyige. Not only because of the pond, but also because of the Fan family's strict rules. For example, no fire and alcohol were allowed to enter Tianyige Library. The Library's doors were kept locked most of the time; the entire family had to be present for them to be unlocked. Although the rules may seem harsh, if it were not for them, the Library and its collections might not have survived to the present day.
Reviving Ancient Tomes
In addition to keeping the vast collection safe, Tianyige Museum is trying different approaches to make the ancient books and the knowledge they contain more accessible and lasting.
"There are a lot of Chinese ancient books, and it is impossible for any one individual or any single organization to conduct research on their own. For this reason, we cooperate with other publishers to make available to the general public high-resolution digital versions and tangible copies of Tianyige's valuable books and documents. This way, more people would be able to make use of Tianyige's resources," said Rao Guoqing, Vice-Director of Tianyige Museum.
In addition to reproducing and publishing collections of text from Tianyige's books in cooperation with universities and research institutions, Tianyige is also taking a citizen-oriented approach to become more accessible.
On Chinese Valentine's Day in 2020, Tianyige Museum held an evening reading salon. Citizens came together to read the Ming-dynasty classic play Jinlian Ji. The play itself was also performed at the event as a Kunqu opera. The performers sang their parts, dressed in traditional robes, while local Ningbo musicians gave the performance a modern twist by combining Chinese-style music and electronic music.
Through these methods of dissemination and adaptation, Tianyige's collection has been revitalized and entered the lives of ordinary Ningbo citizens.
A Future of Increased
Cultural Exchanges
"As the calling card of Ningbo, Tianyige Museum is striving to make itself even better known. We want to let more people discover Tianyige, a true treasure trove of ancient books and cultural artifacts," said Zheng Weiwei, Deputy CPC Secretary of Tianyige Museum.
By participating in Zhejiang Provincial Museum's online exhibition "Images of Ancient Chinese Women", Tianyige Museum is making the art and calligraphy pieces from its collection more widely available to the public. An online exhibition allows visitors to "linger" over each piece longer, appreciating their beauty. Meanwhile, many calligraphy enthusiasts are flocking to Tianyige for the special exhibition "Xi'an Steles Forest—Calligraphy Masterpieces", which features valuable artifacts from halfway across the country. To enrich visitors' experience, Tianyige has also held calligraphy classes on the sidelines of the exhibition, in which seasoned calligraphy artists guide tours and teach visitors to imitate the works of masters.
According to Zheng, items from Tianyige's collection will also be loaned to and displayed in Xi'an in April, as part of a mutual exchange program linking the cultures of the two cities.
Zheng points out that Tianyige Museum has longstanding partnerships with many domestic and international museums. In 2017, Tianyige Museum's collection had its overseas debut, when select artifacts were exhibited in Korea. Tianyige also hosts the annual Chinese Language Competition for Foreigners in Ningbo, serving as a portal for the outside world to understand the city and China. Through these events and many others, this historical Museum is keeping up with the times.