The majestic Chinese crested tern. [Photo by Ding Peng]
By Dong Na
The majestic Chinese crested tern, a national first-class protected animal revered as the "mythical bird", arrived at Xiangshan's Jiushan Islands in late April for its annual breeding season, mating with the great crested tern, a closely related species. In early June, the first offspring of the Chinese crested tern emerged from their shells.
Hatching of the First Chicks
Chinese crested terns, known for faithful annual returns to their birthplace for breeding, have once again appeared on the shores of Xiangshan. Zhongtiedunyu Island, quiet and peaceful during the rest of the year, now bears witness to the arrival of these majestic birds and the promise of new life.
In April, three Chinese crested terns were observed on the Island. As May unfolded, the first and second pairs of terns laid their precious eggs. Since then, the number of terns and breeding nests has been multiplying.
The eagerly anticipated moment arrived on June 4 at around 2AM when the first newborn broke free from its shell, marking the earliest hatching at Xiangshan Jiushan Island National Nature Reserve. At around 4PM, the second chick emerged.
As of the evening of June 7, a remarkable total of 7,500 great crested tern chicks were hatched from 3,700 nests at the Reserve. Meanwhile, the number of Chinese crested tern nests stood at a promising 41, with 8 already celebrating successful hatches.
Efforts to Help Terns Multiply in Xiangshan
The Chinese crested tern, one of the rarest seabirds in the world, was once thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in 2000. In 2004, researchers in Zhejiang first spotted Chinese crested terns in the Xiangshan Jiushan Islands.
To better protect this critically endangered species, Xiangshan Jiushan Islands National Nature Reserve formed a long-term partnership with the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History. Together, they established a suitable breeding site for crested terns on Zhongtiedunyu Island within the reserve in 2013, creating an inviting sanctuary for the birds.
"Our project is also about developing innovative approaches to effectively conserve marine ecosystems," said Fan Zhongyong, research curator at the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History. Fan noted that while helping the endangered birds reproduce, the project is constantly exploring new ways to keep all marine birds safe.
Thanks to these collaborative efforts, the population of adult Chinese crested terns has risen from fewer than 50 individuals to more than 150. More than half of the world's Chinese crested tern chicks are born on the Jiushan Islands every year.
Ningbo, a Crucial Breeding Ground
The Chinese crested tern, a gregarious seabird species, follows a migratory pattern between low and middle latitudes, forming breeding clusters during the appropriate seasons.
Due to their small numbers, the Chinese crested tern have resorted to blending in with flocks of great crested terns for better protection against predators.
In recent years, Xiangshan and Dinghai have emerged as crucial breeding grounds for the Chinese crested tern, hosting over 85% of the world's adult population. These areas have become focal points for the global conservation and breeding efforts dedicated to this magnificent species.
Chen Shuihua, an esteemed ornithologist, said that human efforts to create breeding grounds have greatly improved the reproductive success rate of the Chinese crested terns and effectively restored their population size. "From less than 50 to over 150, the population rebound is a pivotal turnaround that has provided a glimmer of hope in preventing the critically endangered species from teetering on the brink of extinction."